CAPEX And OPEX Categories

CAPEX

• land acquisition or lease premium
• legal due diligence
• permits and licensing
• design and engineering
• masterplan
• housing units
• standalone home package
• delivery
• installation
• foundations or groundworks
• site preparation
• utility hookups
• partner manufacturer deposits
• customs and import duties
• roads
• road widening reserve
• paths
• parking
• drainage / stormwater
• water system
• water storage
• water testing
• wastewater system
• septic / treatment feasibility
• power system
• backup generator or batteries
• internet and low-voltage
• underground conduits for future phases
• emergency communication system
• emergency access road requirements
• emergency hub
• fire water tank / hydrant feasibility
• backup storage
• protected utility room
• shelter feasibility study
• shelter engineering / certification where relevant
• common buildings
• reception
• dining / cafe
• coworking
• wellness
• staff and service areas
• furniture, fixtures, equipment
• landscape
• gardens and greenhouse setup
• high tunnels / protected growing
• irrigation
• wash-pack area
• cool storage
• animal shelters and fencing
• apiary setup
• chicken housing and predator protection
• food processing / storage equipment only where legally allowed
• owner produce packing area
• dairy / cheese facilities only as later professional business case
• owner-ready renovation reserve
• fire safety
• pre-opening marketing
• contingency

OPEX

• payroll
• housekeeping
• maintenance
• rental operations
• utilities
• internet
• insurance
• land lease
• taxes
• marketing
• OTA commissions
• booking systems
• CRM
• laundry
• guest supplies
• food and beverage cost
• seeds, seedlings and fertility
• feed and bedding
• veterinary care
• food safety inspections
• product liability insurance
• packaging and labels
• cold storage electricity
• farm labour
• agriculture labor
• animal feed and veterinary costs
• food packaging
• product delivery / shipping
• sanitary compliance
• repairs and replacements
• rental wear reserve
• owner-ready conversion work
• waste management
• septic pumping / wastewater operator
• water testing and maintenance
• road grading and drainage maintenance
• security
• emergency drills and readiness reviews
• emergency supplies rotation
• warranty handling
• aftersales coordination
• partner management
• accounting
• legal
• community and events

Required Percent Assumptions

Model:

• design and professional fees: 5-10% of CAPEX
• contingency: at least 10% of CAPEX
• OTA commission: 10-20% of booking revenue where relevant